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 第四講 【不放逸品】
 
 Lecture 4 : Chapter Four Conscientiousness
 
 日期:二零零三年三月一日

上次講座總結了懺悔罪障和積集資糧,都是為了生起菩提心而作好準備,例如先淨化內心的污垢;皈依是深信三寶能讓我們從輪迴的痛苦解脫出來,免除我們的恐懼心;禮拜是淨化我們的傲慢心;懺悔對治瞋心;隨喜對治嫉妒;請轉法輪增長智慧,對治我們的無明;請佛住世堅定虔敬,對治我們的疑心;普皆迴向對治我們的慳吝。這幾點做好後,內心大部份得到淨化,願菩提心穩住內心;但寂天菩薩要我們有具體表示,例如施財,甚至施身;這樣當我們與眾生在「利」字之下,我們一樣會捨棄利益而保住願菩提心,這時受持菩薩戒,發行菩提心的因緣已趨成熟,「珍寶菩提心,未生者願生」;已生起菩提心,就要「已生願不退」;受菩薩戒後,就不能讓心放逸散漫,所謂「不放逸」就是要非常謹慎的去修行。寂天菩薩首先提醒我們不應捨菩薩戒。如果我們出爾反爾,捨棄菩提心,便會下墮惡趣。「若誓利眾生,而不勤踐履,則為欺有情,來生何所似?」又說:「後反欺眾生,云何生善趣?」此外,更糟的是,菩提心是利益無量眾生,你捨棄了菩提心,即是意味著侵損很多眾生的安樂;「菩薩戒墮中,此罪最嚴重!」「因損有情利,惡趣報無邊!」出爾反爾,捨棄菩薩戒,就算你悔改,立即修補誓戒,自己亦耽誤了體證空性的機會。接著寂天菩薩教導我們以「不放逸」的態度來守持菩薩戒。放逸有很多害處,例如容易墮落下流;佛也不能化度;而最重要的是暇滿人身一旦失去,「此身不向今生度,更向何生度此身!」寂天菩薩認為我們得到暇滿人身,此刻便要認真修善,否則實在愚笨,死神到來時,後悔便太遲;「因癡復怠惰,則於臨終時,定生大憂苦!」「難得有益身,若仍墮地獄,則如咒所惑,何蠱藏心耶?」最後,寂天菩薩直接指出:「不放逸的終極意思就是要跟內心煩惱時刻對抗,寸土必爭,不能放鬆。」寂天菩薩指出煩惱有很多過患,例如束縛著我們,「役我怎如奴」;煩惱是自己最可怕的敵人;「強力煩惱敵,擲我入獄火,須彌若遇之,灰燼亦無餘!」就算是最歹毒的敵人,最多能侵害你一百年,但是煩惱敵卻可以生生世世如影隨形地侵損你。如果你認為用打壓方式不能盡消煩惱,不如改用懷柔的方式,但這樣做只會引狼入室,最後受害的仍是自己。對付煩惱只有一個原則:「不是它死,便是我亡」。寂天菩薩這樣描寫奮勇消滅煩惱的勇氣:「是故未滅彼,壯士不成眠。」「未達目的已,不向後逃逸。」「故今雖遭致,百般諸痛苦,然終不應當,喪志生懈怠。」「吾寧被燒殺,或遭斷頭苦,然心終不屈,順就煩惱敵。」雖然對治煩惱很艱難,但寂天菩薩安慰我們:「煩惱一旦被智慧所破,便一去不復返。」此外,寂天菩薩恐怕我們走錯路,特別提醒我們,所有煩惱都是由內心產生的;我們不要被貪、瞋、癡嚇怕或迷惑,而必須要找到它們的來源;「心」根本虛幻,我們一旦知道事實真相,就不會被煩惱迷惑或嚇怕了。

(一)
佛子既如是,堅持菩提心,
恆勤勿懈怠,莫違諸學處。
已經堅定地抓住這顆菩提心的佛子們,請不要背離它,應恆常持守菩提心戒。
Having firmly seized the Awakening Mind in this way, a Conqueror’s son must never waver; always should he exert himself to never stray from his practice.

(二)
遇事不慎思,率爾未經意,
雖已誓成辦,後宜思取捨。
在事前沒有詳細考慮,但既然已許下承諾,便不應輕率去作;之後更應詳加理解,轉化任何會生起的疑惑、壓力和退轉。
In the case of reckless actions or of deeds not well considered, although a promise may have been made it is fit to reconsider whether I should do them or not.

(三)
諸佛及佛子,大慧所觀察,
吾亦屢思擇,云何捨誓戒。
可是,諸佛及佛子以大智慧去觀察發心守持菩提心,而我自己對此則重視及曾經深思熟慮,現在又何須生疑惑呢?
But how can I ever withdraw from what has been examined by the great wisdom of the Buddhas and their Sons, and even many times by myself?

(四)
若誓利眾生,而不勤踐履,
則為欺有情,來生何所似?
假如我許下承諾要利益眾生,但又不能守諾言的話,那麼,所有眾生都被我出賣;我做人還有宗旨嗎?
If having made such a promise I do not put it into action, then by deceiving every living being what kind of rebirth shall I take?

(五)
意若思布施,微少凡常物,
因慳未施與,經說墮餓鬼。
如佛經中所說:「假如有人心想作出丁點兒奉獻,但接著又退轉,這人將轉生成餓鬼。」
If it has been taught (by the Buddha) that he who does not give away the smallest thing he once intended to give will take rebirth as a hungry ghost.

(六)
況請眾生赴,無上安樂宴,
後反欺眾生,云何生善趣?
如果我內心希望感召眾生享受無上喜悅的宴會,但又做一些令他們失望,甚至出賣他們的事,我又怎能獲得樂果呢?
Then if I should deceive all beings after having sincerely invited them to the unsurpassable bliss, shall I take a happy rebirth?

(七)
有人捨覺心,卻辦解脫果1
彼業不克思,知唯一切智。
對那些失卻菩提心但仍能成就解脫的人來說,這就完全是由於不可思議的業力,只有遍知者(指佛陀)才了知。
Only the Omniscient can discern the manner of the action of those who give up the Awakening Mind but are freed; it is beyond the scope of (ordinary) thought.

(八)
菩薩戒墮中,此罪最嚴重,
因彼心若生,將損眾生利。
退卻菩提心是菩薩戒最嚴重的過犯行為,因為這將令一切有情眾生感到因減損利益而失落。
This, for a Bodhisattva, is the heaviest of downfalls, for should it ever happen, the welfare of all will be weakened.

(九)
雖僅一剎那,障礙他人德,
因損有情利,惡趣報無邊。
任何人只要於一剎那障礙菩薩行持功德,他將無止息地在迷惑中流轉,因為一切眾生的利益都被損減。
And should others for even a single moment hinder or obstruct his wholesome deeds, by weakening the welfare of all there will be no end to their rebirth in lower states.

(十)
毀一有情樂,自身且遭損,
況毀盡空際,有情眾安樂。
只是毀壞一個眾生的安樂,你自身將同樣遭受毀損。假如毀壞所有人的安樂...還有什麼話可說呢?
For if my being is impaired by destroying the joy of even one creature, then what need is there to mention destroying the joy of creatures vast as space?

(十一)
故雜罪墮力,及菩提心力,
升沉輪迴故,登地久蹉跎。
如人一方面守持菩提心,但又雜間地犯罪墮失毀它,使長久處於輪迴升沉,障礙自己登上菩薩地。
Thus those who have the force of an Awakening Mind as well as the force of falling (from it) stay revolving within cyclic existence and for a long time are hindered in reaching the Bodhisattva levels.

(十二)
故如所立誓,我當恭敬行,
今後若不勉,定當趨下流。
因此我將依照我所許下的誓言,全心奉獻地行持。因為如果不勉力這樣做的話,我將會愈墮愈低下(惡趣)。
Therefore just as I have promised shall I respectfully accord my actions.  If from now on I make no effort I shall descend from lower to lower states.

(十三)
饒益眾有情,無量佛已逝,
然我因昔過,未得佛化育2
為了利益一切有情眾,過去已有無量諸佛住世及入滅,但以我這般放逸的罪人,是未能被攝受到他們度化範圍內的。
Although for the benefit of every creature countless Buddhas have passed by, yet I was not an object of their care because of my own mistakes.

(十四)
若今依舊犯,如是將反覆,
惡趣中領受,病縛剖割苦。
假如我繼續明知故犯,依舊放逸;我的命運將會受下三惡道痛苦的纏縛、傷創和截割。
And if I continue to act like this, again and again shall I undergo suffering in unhappy realms, sickness, bondage, laceration and the shedding of blood.

(十五)
如值佛出世,為人信佛法,
宜修善稀有,何日復得此?
諸佛於世間的顯現、真實的信佛、獲得暇滿的人身、天賦的善根:這一切都極為稀有難得,(如果一旦失去,)哪一天才能重新獲得?
If the arising of a Tathāgata, faith, the attainment of a human body and my being fit to cultivate virtue are scarce, when will they be won again?

(十六)
縱似今無病,足食無損傷,
然壽剎那逝,身猶須臾質。
如今我雖健壯,有足夠衣食,又沒有煩惱,但這期生命卻短暫,且又靠不住。其實這身體只不過是暫借給我,很快便會失去。
Although today I am healthy, well-nourished and unafflicted, life is momentary and deceptive: the body is like an object on loan for but a minute.

(十七)
憑吾此行素,復難得人身,
若不得人身,徒惡乏善行3
而我這樣放逸的行為,後世將不再投生人道!若失去這期寶貴的人身,生於惡趣,就只有繼續造罪,缺乏修善的機會。我將因太多的惡業,而再難得生善趣了。
And with behavior such as this I shall not win a human body again.  And if this human form is not attained, there will be solely evil and no virtue.

(十八)
如具行善緣,而我未為善,
惡趣眾苦逼,彼時復何為?
當下就是行善的好機緣,如果我還不好好把握成就功德的話,當我下墮惡趣、陷入惡趣的迷惑困境時,我的命運將會是如何?我該怎樣做才是?
If when I have the chance to live a wholesome life, my actions are not wholesome.  Then what shall I be able to do when confused by the misery of the lower realms?

(十九)
既未行諸善,復集眾惡業,
縱歷一億劫,不聞善趣名。
(墮入惡趣後)不但沒有機會修任何功德善業,而且還只管犯惡積業,如此縱經歷一億劫,也聽不到善趣的名稱,快樂亦恐怕難臨我身。
And if I commit no wholesome deeds (there), but readily amass much evil, then for a hundred million aeons I shall not even hear the words “a happy life”.

(二十)
是故世尊說:人身極難得;
如海中盲龜,頸入軛木孔。
就是這個原因,世尊曾經宣說,如一頭在無邊無際的海洋裏浮沉的盲龜,偶爾把頭伸進浮在海面漂浮不定的木軛中,投生為人恐怕比此更困難呢!
For these very reasons, the Buddha has said that hard as it is for a turtle to insert its neck into a yoke adrift upon the vast ocean, it is extremely hard to attain the human state.

(二十一)
剎那造重罪,歷劫住無間,
何況無始罪,積重失善趣。
假如剎那的惡業導致長時間墮入最深層的地獄中,那麼我從無始以來所作眾多惡業–不用多說,必定阻礙我往生樂趣。
If even by the evil of one instant an aeon may be spent in the deepest hell, then because of the evil I have gathered since beginningless time, what need to mention, my not going to a happy realm.

(二十二)
然僅受彼報,苦猶不得脫,
因受惡報時,復生餘多罪。
然而僅受少許以前的惡報,痛苦的經驗是不會令我解脫惡趣的痛苦的;因為在受苦報的過程中,又會因煩惱造作更多新的罪業,結果惹來更大的惡果。
But having experienced merely that (rebirth in hell) I shall still not be liberated; for while it is being experienced other evil will be extensively produced.

(二十三)
既得此閒暇,若我不修善,
自欺莫勝此,亦無過此愚。
既然獲得了這個暇滿人身,假如我仍不懂得去訓練自己修善,還有什麼比此更愚癡呢?有什麼比此更能出賣自己呢?
So if, when having found leisure such as this, I do not attune myself to what is wholesome, there could be no greater deception and there could be no greater folly.

(二十四)
若我已解此,因癡復怠惰,
則於臨終時,定生大憂苦。
縱使我對此完全明白,但我又把光陰花在無意義的事情上,當死亡降臨時,我一定會生起憂愁苦惱。
And if, having understood this, I still foolishly continue to be slothful.  When the hour of death arrives, tremendous grief will rear its head.

(二十五)
難忍地獄火,長久燒身時,
悔火亦炙燃,吾心必痛苦。
當我(惡業成熟)的身體在地獄之火中難以忍受地長期炙燃時,我的心靈亦同時被煎熬著–在無邊的悔疚火焰中焚燒。
Then if my body blazes for a long time in the unbearable flames of hell, inevitably my mind will be tormented by the fires of unendurable remorse.

(二十六)
難得有益身,今既僥倖得,
亦復具智慧,若仍墮地獄,
此時僥倖獲得成辦解脫利益的人身,我亦有掌握自由的選擇權,如果我又再次讓它溜走而下墮地獄的話,
Having found by some coincidence this beneficial state that is so hard to find.  If now while able to discriminate I once gain am led into the hells,

(二十七)
則如咒所惑,令我心失迷,
惑患無所知,何蠱藏心耶?
現在我就好像受了魔法一樣,變得麻木,內心感到完全無能為力,被什麼蠱毒潛藏在內心,被它操控著,我已沒有知覺,究竟我在發生什麼一回事?
Then as though I were hypnotized by a spell I shall reduce this mind to nothing.  Even I do not know what is causing me confusion, what is there dwelling inside me?

(二十八)
瞋貪等諸敵,無手也無足,
非勇非精明,役我怎如奴?
瞋恨、貪執–我的怨敵–無手無足亦無感官。它們既無勇,也不聰穎;它們怎麼能令我成為它們的奴隸呢?
Although enemies such as hatred and craving have neither any arms nor legs, and are neither courageous nor wise, how have I been used like a slave by them?

(二十九)
惑住我心中,任意傷害我,
猶忍不瞋彼,非當應訶責。
迎請它們進入自己內心的人就是我,讓它們恣意地傷害自己!我竟無怨恨地承受一切苦。故此,我的不應當(懦弱),應受訶責。
For while they dwell within my mind at their pleasure they cause me harm, yet I patiently endure them without any anger; but this is an inappropriate and shameful time for patience.

(三十)
縱使天非天,齊來敵對我,
然彼也不能,擲我入無間。
即使所有天和非天等,一同與我為敵,這股強大的力量–也不足以令我下墮無間地獄中。
Should even all the gods and demi-gods rise up against me as my enemies, they could not lead nor place me in the roaring fires of deepest hell.

(三十一)
強力煩惱敵,擲我入獄火,
須彌若遇之,灰燼亦無餘。
可是,我的煩惱怨敵竟能於剎那間,令我墮進地獄之火,連須彌山王也能燒至灰燼之處。
But the mightly foe, these disturbing conceptions, in a moment can cast me amidst (those flames) which when met will cause not even the ashes of the king of mountains to remain.

(三十二)
吾心煩惱敵,長住無盡期,
其餘世間敵,命不如是久。
沒有任何怨敵能像我的煩惱那麼長久地住世–噢!我的煩惱怨敵,無始又無終的怨親啊!
All other enemies are incapable of remaining for such a length of time as can my disturbing conceptions, the enduring enemy with neither beginning nor end.

(三十三)
若我順侍敵,敵或利樂我,
若隨諸煩惱,徒遭傷害苦。
那些我柔順地雌伏面對的世間怨敵,他們或許為我帶來利益,且令我安樂;但我正侍奉著的黑暗染污的煩惱,卻只會使我遭受更多傷害,陷入悲傷中。
If I agreeably honor and entrust myself to others, they will bring me benefit and happiness.  But if I entrust myself to these disturbing conceptions, in future they will bring only misery and harm.

(三十四)
無始相續敵,孽禍唯一因,
若久住我心,生死怎無懼?
因此,無始以來相續陪伴著我的怨敵,痛苦業禍的唯一泉源,如果讓自己內心成為了它們的避難所的話,世間又怎能得到喜悅和平靜呢?
While in cyclic existence how can I be joyful and unafraid if in my heart I readily prepare a place for this incessant enemy of long duration, the sole cause for the increase of all that harms me?

(三十五)
生死牢獄卒,地獄劊子手,
若皆住我心,安樂何能有?
假如讓在輪迴中的獄卒、地獄道的屠夫和行刑者(指煩惱),全部都張牙舞爪,我還有什麼希望?我怎能得到安樂呢?
And how shall I ever have happiness if in a net of attachment within my mind there dwell the guardians of the prison of cyclic existence, there (disturbing conceptions) that become my butchers and tormentors in hell?

(三十六)
乃至吾未能,親滅此惑敵,
盡吾此一生,不應捨精進;
於他微小害,尚起瞋惱心,
是故未滅彼,壯士不成眠。
直至我親眼看見這些煩惱怨敵全部被毀滅,否則我是不會停止這場爭鬥的,我亦不應捨棄精進。平時他人對自己作小小傷害,尚會生起瞋惱之心。除非可惡的煩惱怨敵消滅,否則真正的大丈夫是應該睡不著覺的。
Therefore as long as this enemy is not slain with certainty before my very eyes, I shall never give up exerting myself (towards that end).  Having become angry at someone who caused only slight and short-lived harm, self-important people will not sleep until their enemy is overcome.

(三十七)
列陣激戰場,奮力欲滅除,
終必自老死,生諸苦惱敵,
僅此尚不顧,箭矛著身苦,
未達目的已,不向後逃逸。
將士們列陣在戰場上激烈地交鋒,必欲將敵人消滅,但這些將士最終都會死亡,並且在死亡時產生極大的苦惱。儘管如此,他們仍不畏懼在戰線上所受肉體之苦來達到勝利,而且絕不向後逃跑。
And if while engaged in a violent battle, vigorously desiring to conquer those whose disturbing conceptions will naturally bring them suffering at death, men disregard the pain of being pierced by spears and arrows.

(三十八)
況吾正精進,決志欲滅盡,
恆為痛苦因,自然煩惱敵。
故今雖遭致,百般諸痛苦,
然終不應當,喪志生懈怠。
就算這場鬥爭是如何艱苦,我也不會退卻,這是不必多說的。今天,我很堅決地要消滅無始以來的自生怨敵–一切痛苦的製造者–煩惱怨敵,期間不應該喪失鬥志,懶散懈怠。
Then what need to mention that I should not be faint-hearted and slothful, even if I caused many hundreds of sufferings when now I strive to definitely overcome my natural enemies, (these disturbing conceptions) which are the constant source of my misery?

(三十九)
將士為微利,赴戰遭敵傷,
戰歸炫身傷,猶如配勳章。
吾今為大利,修行勤精進,
所生暫時苦,云何能困我?
在無意義的戰鬥中,遭受怨敵損害的傷口,會被戰士誇讚為獎狀。為此偉大的獎狀尚且要作出極大的努力,那短暫的損害和傷口又怎能使我氣餒呢?
If even scars inflicted by meaningless enemies are worn upon the body like ornaments, then why is suffering a cause of harm to me who impeccably strives to fulfil the great purpose?

(四十)
漁夫與屠戶,農牧等凡俗,
唯念己自身,求活維生計,
猶忍寒與熱,疲困諸艱辛;
我今為眾樂,云何不稍忍?
漁夫、屠夫、農夫等為生計,尚且也要受盡寒熱之痛苦;為了眾生的利益和快樂,我又怎能不忍受修行中的痛苦呢?
If fisherman, hunters and farmers, thinking merely of their own livelihood, endure the sufferings of heat and cold, why am I not patient for the sake of the world’s joy?

(四十一)
雖曾立此誓,欲於十方際,
度眾出煩惱,然我未離惑。
雖然我立誓為要度盡十方虛空際的眾生解脫其煩惱,可是我自己卻尚未解脫煩惱。
While I have promised to liberate all those beings throughout space in the ten directions from their disturbing conceptions, I myself was not yet freed from mine.

(四十二)
出言不量力,云何非顛狂?
故於滅煩惱,應恆不退怯。
因此,我可算是不自量力–如此立誓確是誑語。因此,對於與煩惱的爭鬥,應恆時精進,永不退轉。
Thus unaware of even my own capacity, was it not somewhat crazy to have spoken like that?  But as this is so I must never withdraw from vanquishing my disturbing conceptions.

(四十三)
吾應樂修斷,懷恨與彼戰,
似瞋此道心,唯能滅煩惱。
這就是充斥著我的怨忿了;滿懷仇恨,我將要開始這場與煩惱的戰爭了!雖然這像是不淨之念頭,但它卻能止息煩惱,而且也不應放棄。
And to do this will be my sole obsession.  Holding a strong grudge I shall meet them in battle!  But disturbing conceptions such as these destroy disturbing conceptions and (for the time being) are not to be abandoned.

(四十四)
吾寧被燒殺,或遭斷頭苦,
然心終不屈,順就煩惱敵。
寧死在火坑中,或是頭顱被斬離身體,也不願成為自己煩惱怨敵的奴僕。
It would be better for me to be burned, to have my head cut off and to be killed, rather than ever bowing down to those ever-present disturbing conceptions.

(四十五)
驅凡常敵出此境,則便盤踞住他鄉,
養足能力旋復返;煩惱賊則不如是。
一般世間敵人被攻擊時,就會退到盤踞其他地方,到了重整集合力量後,再次出擊。但我們的煩惱卻不會這樣,它一去就不會再復返。
Common enemies when expelled from one country simply retire and settle down in another, though when their strength is recovered they return.  But the way of this enemy, my disturbing conceptions is not similar in this respect.

(四十六)
煩惱若為慧眼斷,驅出吾意何所之?
居處何處返害我?然我懦弱乏精進。
智慧之眼能把煩惱驅散!從我的心走出來,你將往哪兒走?你想何時傷害我?可是,我懦弱懶惰,缺乏精進,我內心是何等的脆弱!
Deluded disturbing conceptions!  When forsaken by the eye of wisdom and dispelled from my mind, where will you go?  Where will you dwell in order to be able to injure me again?  But, weak-minded, I have been reduced to making no effort.

(四十七)
惑非住外境,非住根身間,
亦非其他處,云何害眾生?
惑幻心莫懼,為智應精進。
何苦於地獄,無義受傷害?
但染污的並不是在對境中,也不是在我們的感官上,亦不是在兩者之間。假如不在任何地方,它住在哪兒?那它到底住在何處傷害眾生呢?它只不過是虛妄幻相,請鼓起勇氣吧!消除你對它們一切的恐懼,精進去了解它們的本質。為何受盡無謂的地獄之苦呢?
If these disturbing conceptions do not exist within the objects, the sense organs, between the two nor elsewhere, then where do they exist and how do they harm the world?  They are like an illusion - thus I should dispel within my heart and strive resolutely for wisdom.  For no real reason, why should I suffer so much in hell?

(四十八)
思已當盡力,圓滿諸學處,
若不遵醫囑,病患何能癒?
我應該如此反思,並竭力地去守持菩薩戒。不遵照醫生的指示去服藥,病患又怎能療癒呢?
Therefore having thought about this well, I should try to put these precepts into practice just as they have been explained.  If the doctor’s instructions are ignored, how will a patient in need of cure be healed by his medicines?

第四品完
第四講完

註釋
1 這是問難,故事出自《妙法蓮華經》(Saddharma-p̣ụndarika-sūtra)。據說舍利弗尊者於六十劫中修持菩薩行,轉生成月光國王;在修菩薩行上,進步神速。一天,魔羅來試探他,目的是要把月光國王拉下來。他化現成人形向月光國王乞求右手;於是國王便自斷右手,然後用左手將血淋淋的右手遞給魔羅;魔羅化現的乞者顯得很生氣,指責國王說:「你怎麼用左手拿東西給我。」因當地風俗,以左手遞東西給別人,是不禮貌的行為。但當時國王心想:「我右手已斬斷,僅剩左手,不得不以左手遞你需要的東西,為什麼眾生這麼難滿足呢?」就是這個緣故,舍利弗對眾生感到失望,退失菩提心,由菩薩乘轉到修行聲聞乘。
2 要與佛相應,並從佛的教法獲益,追隨者必須具足善根(善業的意向),並且在內心存在著一定程度的福德。一般來說,在家居士具備七聖財:信、戒、慚、愧、聞、施和慧,都被視為具善根。
3 佛教認為業報是隨著過去所造作的行為而生。無論當時的行為態度或道德標準怎樣,惡行必定會產生痛苦的惡報。因此在三惡趣的眾生;例如傍生,除了啖殺別的動物外,便沒有其他生存的方法,所以一下惡趣,便只有繼續積累惡業,縱使其獵殺行為是一種無可避免的本能行為,但業果報應是沒有可能緩和或減輕的。下三惡趣受苦時,不斷生惡心,惡業增多,受苦的時間、程度也就愈增加,出離的機會無疑趨近乎零。


應用討論問題
一)什麼叫不放逸?為何生起菩提心後,要不放逸和護正知來攝持,才令其功德不退轉?
二)巴楚仁波切說:「凡夫的心極易改變,極易轉變。」有些修行人發了菩提心,受了菩薩戒;但遇上違緣,便捨棄了菩提心。試引佛經說明捨棄菩提心不對的地方及其後果。
三)自己無始以來輪迴生死,期間起碼經歷過賢劫四佛,但仍未得救度。寂天菩薩歸究到只因我們放逸,所以未能受佛化育。你同意這說法嗎?你有何補救的方法?
四)寂天菩薩說:「當我們一失人身,下墮惡趣,因在惡趣中受苦,不斷起惡心,便聚集更多惡業,而且根本不可能行善業(『然僅受彼報,苦猶不得脫,因受惡報時,復生餘多罪。』)。在受苦報時,又會因煩惱造作新的罪業;所以『縱歷一億劫,不聞善趣名』。」而事實上,一旦下墮惡趣,便萬劫不復,永遠沉淪。但其他佛經卻記載過,就算下墮地獄,時間雖長久,但也有業報圓滿脫離惡趣的一天。兩種說法有矛盾嗎?試以自己意見抉擇。
五)寂天菩薩認為我們要在身、語、意三方面謹慎,做到不放逸,才可以令生起的菩提心不會退失。試將寂天菩薩具體的要求分別說明。
六)試述煩惱的特性和過患。
七)大乘經典《華嚴經》說:「不為自己求安樂,但願眾生得離苦。」又說:「地獄未空,誓不成佛。」自己煩惱未斷,根本沒有經驗及把握去調伏眾生,那樣自己好像出言不遜,自己未度,又怎能度人?但是大乘人先要以饒益別人為本,如何克服這個矛盾呢?
八)試依寂天菩薩之見解,申述如何斷除煩惱。
九)以中觀對治煩惱是快捷有效的方法。寂天菩薩以中觀提出:「煩惱非住於外境,非住根身非中間,此外亦非其他處,居於何處害眾生?」試依你所學過的中觀理論闡釋。
十)持守菩薩戒最怕煩惱來擾亂,煩惱由自心而生,力量極強,一般來說,只宜退避,不能正面抗衡;你同意這說法嗎?寂天菩薩說:「列陣激戰場,奮力欲滅除」;「是故未滅彼,壯士不成眠。」表面要與煩惱正面對抗,兩者有矛盾嗎?試抉擇之。
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