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 第四十講 迴向功德品
 
 Lecture 40 Chapter Ten Dedication
 
 日期:二零零七年四月十四日

上堂我們已提到寂天菩薩在傳講《入菩薩行》(Bodhicharyāvatāra)時,以自己聞思修菩薩行的善根功德,迴向給六道眾生;願他們在輪迴期間,得到世間暫時的安樂!在未來更長的日子裡,得到「菩薩相續樂!」接著,寂天菩薩由六道中最悲慘的地獄開始,祝願地獄眾生消除寒熱極端痛苦,又祝願餓鬼道眾生免除飢渴的痛苦,還再祝願畜生動物遠離殘殺互噉、弱肉強食的恐懼。今堂寂天菩薩主要是將功德迴向給人類。由頌十八至頌四十一,主要祝願的對象是一般人;而由頌四十二至頌五十是迴向給修行人(the ordained),其中也包括聲聞、獨覺和菩薩這些聖者。
跟下三道眾生一樣,寂天菩薩首先祝願凡夫先離開痛苦。人類最大的痛苦莫過於盲聾殘障,或者處於赤貧、孤獨和老弱,又或者肉體和精神都飽受痛苦折磨。「願盲見形色,聾者常聞聲!」「願貧者得財!苦者得安樂!」「願諸病有情,速脫疾病苦!」「願畏無所懼,縛者得解脫!」「願諸天守護,無路險難處,老弱無怙者,愚癡顛狂徒!」各人遠離種種苦,還得種種樂。接著,寂天菩薩更祝願人類無論在物質享受、精神生活和靈性修持上,都能圓滿所求。首先,寂天菩薩樂於見到一個經濟富庶、民風純樸、民智發達、平等和諧的社會。「願受用無盡,猶如虛空藏!」「食用悉富饒!」「願天降時雨,五穀悉豐收!」「願無諍無害!」「具心慈愛慧!」「時時憶宿命!」「自在享天年!」「常樂福善行!」「願世嬌弱女,悉成男子漢!寒門晉顯貴,慢者轉謙遜!」「仁王如法行,世事皆興隆。」人民衣食豐足,民風樸實,民智開明,在世間層面來說是可以了,對於以出離、解脫輪迴為目標的佛教,或許這些只是入法的基礎。所以寂天菩薩祈請諸佛菩薩加持,令凡夫趣入正法,出離生死,切勿耽於世間生活。「願不捨覺心,委身菩提行;諸佛恆提攜,斷盡諸魔業!」當凡夫懷著志切解脫的決心,想要出離苦海後,為了提供一個良好的學佛環境,悲天憫人的寂天菩薩就發願娑婆世間變成好像極樂世界一樣的淨土,地球不再有石頭荊棘,大地平如手掌,地表光滑得像吠琉璃,四周長滿如意樹,飛鳥、虛空演唱出相續不斷的法音。與此同時,人壽像極樂世界一樣,壽命無量。最後,寂天菩薩祝願地球佛光普照,人人都有機會以佛為師,人人恆隨佛學!「願諸菩薩眾,安住聞法眷,各以妙功德,莊嚴佛道場。」「願彼常值佛,以及諸佛子,並以無邊雲,獻供眾生師!」

(十八)
願盲見形色,聾者常聞聲;
如彼摩耶女,孕婦產無礙。
以我的善行功德,願所有盲人都能見到事物,聾者聽到聲音;願孕婦都像摩耶佛母(Māyādevī)一樣,生孩子時毫無障礙痛苦。
May the blind see sights, and may the deaf hear.  May the pregnant give birth without any pain, as did Śākyamuni’s mother Māyādevī.

(十九)
願裸獲衣裳,饑者得足食,
渴者得淨水,妙味諸甘飲。
願裸露缺衣者能得到衣服,饑餓者能及時獲得足夠的食品;願口渴的人可以解渴,隨欲得到淨水和各種美味飲料。
May the naked find clothing, the hungry find food, and the thirsty water, and delicious drink.

(二十)
願貧者得財!苦者得安樂!
願彼絕望者,振奮意永固!
願貧窮者找得到財富和受用;那些苦惱焦慮的弱者找到喜悅;那些失意絕望者能重新振作,意志堅定,內心平穩。
May the poor attain wealth, those stricken with grief find joy.  And may the discouraged become uplifted and perfectly steadfast.

(二十一)
願諸病有情,速脫疾病苦!
亦願眾生疾,畢竟永不生!
願一切病患者的疾病皆得到治癒,願每一種疾病都被斷除,永不復發。
May as many limited beings as are sick be swiftly set free from sickness; and may the sicknesses of wandering beings, without exception, never recur.

(二十二)
願畏無所懼,縛者得解脫!
弱者力強壯,心思互饒益!
願那些膽怯的人,皆遠離恐懼;願所有無自由的囚犯,皆重獲自由。願瘦弱的人強壯有力,而且彼此心存善意,友愛互助!
May those who are frightened be fearless, those in shackles be released, those lacking strength become strong, and their hearts become friendly toward each other.

(二十三)
願十方商賈,處處皆安樂!
所求一切利,無勞悉成辦!
願那些奔走十方的商旅,處處都能吉祥平安,所營求的一切利益,都能毫不費力,順利成辦!
May every direction be felicitous for all travelers.  May the purpose for which they set out be accomplished effortlessly.

(二十四)
願諸航行者,成辦意所願,
安抵河海岸,親友共歡聚!
願在海中航行的旅客,都能圓滿完成他們心中的願望,平安上岸;和親友歡樂地會聚!
May those who set out on boats succeed in fulfilling their desire.  May they safely reach the shore and rejoice with their relatives.

(二十五)
願迷荒郊者,幸遇諸行旅,
無盜虎等懼,無倦順利行!
願那些迷失漂泊在荒郊野地的人,有幸遇得商客作嚮導,中途沒遇上盜匪虎狼等襲擊意外恐懼,旅途上一切順利。
May those who find themselves on wrong paths in dreary forests come upon the company of fellow travelers; and without fear of thieves, bandits, tigers, and like, journey at ease, without fatigue.

(二十六)
願諸天守護,無路險難處,
老弱無怙者,愚癡顛狂徒!
願仁慈的天神,在無路險惡之處,保護那些老弱婦孺;還有那些愚癡、顛狂的人。
May deities protect the dull, the insane, the deranged, the helpless, the young and the elderly, and those in danger from sickness, the wilderness, and so on.

(二十七)
願脫無暇難,具心慈愛慧,
食用悉富饒,時時憶宿命!
以我的善行功德,願眾生得以脫離無暇修行佛法的八難1 ,個個具足信心、智慧和慈愛,飲食及日用物資都豐饒富足,經常能回憶過去生的一切往事!知人生難得,精進修行。
May they be free from all lack of leisure; may they be endowed with belief in the facts, discriminating awareness, and affectionate care.  May they have a splendid sustenance, (appearance) and demeanor, and always remember their previous lives.

(二十八)
願受用無盡,猶如虛空藏!
願無諍無害,自在享天年!
願一切眾生受用圓滿無竭,好像虛空一樣,得到無邊無際的財富寶藏。願眾生彼此無諍,更不會相互殘害,個個自由自在安享天年!
May every one have inexhaustible wealth, just like sky-treasure.  Free of conflict and violence, may they live freely.

(二十九)
願卑寒微士,容光悉煥發!
苦行憔悴者,健明形莊嚴!
願窮困卑微貧寒人家,個個容光煥發,神采飛揚!願那些修苦行而使自己身形憔悴枯槁的人,個個身體健朗,形色莊嚴!
May those limited beings who have little splendor come to have magnificent splendor.  And may those in difficult straits, with disfigured bodies, come to have splendid beautiful bodies.

(三十)
願世嬌弱女,悉成男子漢!
寒門晉顯貴,慢者轉謙遜!
願宇宙間所有願轉男身的女人,皆得轉生為男人!願低下階層者都得顯達,傲慢狂徒都變成謙謙君子!
May the women in the world become men.  And may the lowly attain high position.  And the arrogant become humble.

(三十一)
願諸有情眾,因吾諸福德,
悉斷一切惡,常樂福善行!
願一切有情藉著我的善行福德,個個都無有例外地斷除惡業,行持福德善業!
By this merit of mine, may all beings without exception rid themselves of all negative acts and always engage in virtue.

(三十二)
願不捨覺心,委身菩提行!
諸佛恆提攜,斷盡諸魔業!
以我的善行功德,願一切眾生不捨願求菩提心,全心全意投身於修持菩提行!願十方三世佛陀永遠護念提攜,加持他們斷除各種魔業和障礙2
May they never be parted from a bodhichitta aim; may they be devoted to the bodhisattva way of life.  May they be taken care of by the Buddhas, and free of the deeds of Māras.

(三十三)
願諸有情眾,壽命無量長,
生活恆安樂,不聞死歿名!
以我的善行功德,願一切眾生,個個長命百歲,壽命無盡;願他們安樂地度日,連「死亡」的名稱都不需聽聞!
May all beings have immeasurable life spans.  May they always live happily, without the word “death” being even known.

(三十四)
願於諸方所,遍長如意林,
充滿佛佛子,所宣妙法音!
願所有地方皆變成長滿如意樹的園林,洋溢著諸佛菩薩宣說的美妙法音。
May all directions abound with pleasure gardens of wish-fulfilling trees, replete with Buddhas and children of the Buddhas, and be enchanting with the sounds of Dharma.

(三十五)
普願十方地,無礫無荊棘,
平坦如舒掌,光滑似琉璃!
願大地地表皆如青金石般清淨和光滑;沒有石頭和荊棘等劣物,大地平坦如同舒張的手掌。
May the ground everywhere smooth like the palm of the hand, be free from pebbles and the like, soft and made of lapis lazuli.

(三十六)
願諸菩薩眾,安住聞法眷,
各以妙功德,莊嚴佛道場!
願大地所有處所,安住著許多菩薩摩訶薩,周圍皆有眷屬圍繞聽學佛法,並且運用神妙功德,莊嚴十方佛教道場!
As the circles of disciples, may the great assemblies of Bodhisattvas sit on all side.  May they beautify the earth with their personal splendor.

(三十七)
願諸有情眾,相續恆聽聞,
鳥樹虛空明,所出妙法音!
願一切有情相續不斷地聽聞從飛鳥、樹林、光明,甚至從虛空中所飄送出來的微妙法音!
May all beings unceasingly hear the melodious Dharma, from birds, from trees, from the rays of light, and even from the sky.

(三十八)
願彼常值佛,以及諸佛子,
並以無邊雲,獻供眾生師!
願一切眾生經常值遇親見諸佛菩薩;並即時以廣大的花香燈果等供養雲海,敬獻給一切眾生的導師釋尊。
May all beings always encounter the Buddhas and the children of the Buddhas.  And make offerings to the spiritual teachers of the world with endless clouds of offerings.

(三十九)
願天降時雨,五穀悉豐收!
仁王如法行,世事皆興隆!
願眾生個個具足修行的順緣,天降及時雨,五穀禾稼皆豐收!願仁王依照佛法的慈悲理念治國,各國世界皆欣欣向榮!
May the gods send rain in time, and may there be an abundance of crops.  May the populace be prosperous, and may the king be righteous.

(四十)
願藥具速效,咒語咸靈驗!
空行羅剎等,悉具慈悲心!
願藥物3 都具有特效,消災祈福的咒語皆能靈驗!願行走於空中的羅剎、魔祟等會傷人的眾生,都能具有慈悲心而不傷害別人!
May medicines be effect, and the chanting of hidden mantras be successful; may dakini-witches, rāksasas and the other ghouls be filled with compassion.

(四十一)
願眾無苦痛,無病未造罪!
無懼不遭輕,畢竟無不樂!
願無人承受肉體上痛苦,或是心靈上的憂慮或不快樂。不曾犯罪,沒有疾病;願他們遠離恐懼,不受輕視。
May no sentient being be painful, nor ever be depressed, nor act with sinful, nor be sick, nor be frightened, nor be derided.

第四十講完
註釋

1 沒有閒暇修持佛法的人生,被視為不能改變自己,升進生命質素的人生,稱為「八無暇」或「八難」;這些眾生分別是生於地獄、餓鬼、傍生、長壽天、邊鄙地、具邪見的外道家庭、佛法傳播不到的不毛之地及天生聾啞或智障者。
2 一般修行人很難斷除天子魔的誘惑和中斷魔的操控,只有祈請諸佛菩薩和大善知識才可斷除魔業。
3 《十誦律》說藥物有四種,分別是時藥、時分藥、七日藥和盡形壽藥。時藥例如甘蔗,時分藥例如清汁,二者似是充饑食物和飲料;七日藥是營養補劑,如酥、油、石蜜;盡形壽藥是為治病而服用的藥物。此處藥物應專指盡形壽藥。


應用討論問題
一)寂天菩薩將聞思修《入菩薩行》的功德,迴向所有眾生。當中沒有把功德迴向天人,這是什麼原因?
二)寂天菩薩把人類分為兩類,前者是一般凡夫,後者是修行佛法的人;兩者都有迴向,這是什麼原因?
三)人類凡夫有什麼苦?寂天菩薩如何祈願他們離苦得樂?
四)寂天菩薩希望這個地球是一個經濟富庶、民風純樸、民智發達,並由仁王依慈悲佛法統治的世界。試述寂天菩薩如何建構這個地球理想國。
五)寂天菩薩希望人人學佛法,地球變成極樂世界。試述寂天菩薩如何透過功德迴向,在地球建立人間淨土。

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